Jean Renard Ward
Jan:
You asked about Massachusetts and Rep. Omar:
You also asked what people in Massachusetts think of Southerners:
(My apologies for another long post -- I should really stop doing this!)
I don't think Rep. Omar has been anywhere near as much in the news lately as some other representatives from outside New England, so I don't really have an impression on that one.
On the other one, I can only speak for myself, and I can only compare Texas and New England from my own perspective.
My own impression is that in Texas, social divisions are more by race, and up here, they are more by social class. In both places, this is particularly visible (to me, at least) when you look at the schools.
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About Muslims and the U.S. Constitution, etc.
I'm not a consitutional scholar, but you mentioned some contitution things, so I looked at the texts of some of the amendments that seemed relevant.
At the moment, the First Amendment starts:
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;"
That probably means for any change to voting with respect to religion, there would have to be a further constitutional amendment, since the plain text of the 1st Amendment would seem to imply that *limiting* citizenship or voting based on which religion, would be an establishment of a particular (other) religion. Also, limiting voting or anything else based on which religion would be prohibiting the "free exercise" of that religtion, since you wouldn't be fully "free", it would depend on which religion.
If there were a further constitutional amendment, it might also have to take care of the Ninth amendment, just to be sure, since it with deals with rights not enumerated.
Perhaps also the Equal Protection clause in the 14th Amendment, as well as the Citizenship clause, since (by enumeriation) it does not allow a distinction based on something else like which religion.
Arguably, the 15th Amendment -- which refers to all "citizens" would also come into play, perhaps depending on how someone defines the term "color".
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About religion and politics, there is some relevant history here in Massachusetts.
(This is all from memory, I should probably go look this up to check.)
Irish immigrants and Catholics were strongly discriminated against and disenfranchised here, certainly in the 19th centry, arguably into the 1970's.
The reasoning went something like this:
- The United States is a Protestant country.
(Or: The U.S. is a Christian country, and Catholics do not count as really Christian.)
- Someone who is Catholic can never really be American,
because they would always be taking orders from the Pope.
(I remember hearing Rev. Criswell say something like that about John Kennedy?)
- The Irish are a different culture, and couldn't understand democracy or the U.S. Constitution.
- The Irish are not real Americans anyway.
- The Irish go to their own Catholic schools, where they get indoctrinated.
Also,
- Until about the 1830's, to vote in Massachusetts, you had to be a (male) member of the local parish for the town.
- The parishes were all Congregational, by law: "Congregational" means each congregation runs itself, not a central authority.
- Catholics could not be members of the parish, since they had a central religious authorith (the Pope, or basically any Bishop).
- Therefore, they could not vote.
(Perhaps reminiscent of some small Texas towns, where the membership of the local Masonic lodge was identical with the membership of the town government? My parents lived in Royce City.)
I think things changed in Massachusetts in the 1830s partly due to the Trinitarian/Unitarian schism in the Congregational churches. That left each congregation independent, but voted to hire either a Trinitarian or a Unitarian minister.
As a practical result, you now had two separate conregations in the town (called "First Parish" and "Second Parish"), so it really mixed things up.
(Our congregation is still called "First Parish of Watertown", because of that history.)
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Again, I can speak only for myself, not for everybody in Massachusetts, but I'm from Massachusetts, and those are my thoughts.
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