Welcome to the Richardson High School Message Forum.
The Message Forum is an ongoing dialogue among classmates. The goal is to encourage friendly interaction, including interaction among classmates who really didn't know each other. Experience on the site has revealed that certain topics tend to cause friction and hard feelings, especially politics and religion.
Although politics and religion are not completely off-limits, classmates are asked to be positive in their posts and not to be too repetitive or allow a dialog to degenerate into an argument.
Forums work when people participate - so don't be bashful! Click the "Post Response" button to add your entry to the forum.
The former director of Panama's border patrol, Oriel Ortega, told THE EPOCH TIMES that the United Nations' migration agenda is behind the chaos at the US southern border, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are assisting.
The increase of thousands of people 'on the move' corresponds to the U.N.'s GLOBAL COMPACT for safe. orderly, and regular migration, a compact voted on and signed by 152 nations in 2016. But under the UN, the migration process has been anything but orderly, Mr. Ortega said.
The book, "Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy," written by Kelly Greenhill, suggests that weaker countries are using migration to destabilize their more powerful adversaries.
Joseph Humire, the executive director of the Center for a Secure Free Society and an expert on unconventional warfare, says "This is a strategically engineered migration."
Nearly $1.3 billion of US taxpayers' money was given to the UN and other agencies assisting migrants in 2023, according to a government spending database.
Rush Limbaugh used to say frequently that the UN is no friend of the US. They work continuously to bring us down.
Cognitive neuroscientist Charan Ranganath says the human brain isn't programmed to remember everything. Rather, it's designed to "carry what we need and to deploy it rapidly when we need it."
Bulat Silvia/iStock / Getty Images Plus
When cognitive neuroscientist Charan Ranganath meets someone for the first time, he's often asked, "Why am I so forgetful?" But Ranganath says he's more interested in what we remember, rather than the things we forget.
"We're not designed to carry tons and tons of junk with us. I don't know that anyone would want to remember every temporary password that they've ever had," he says. "I think what [the human brain is] designed for is to carry what we need and to deploy it rapidly when we need it."
Ranganath directs the Dynamic Memory Lab at the University of California, Davis, where he's a professor of psychology and neuroscience. In the new book, Why We Remember, he writes about the fundamental mechanisms of memory — and why memories often change over time.
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Ranganath recently wrote an op-ed for The New York Times in which hereflected on President Biden's memory gaffes — and the role that memory plays in the current election cycle.
"I'm just not in the position to say anything about the specifics of [either Biden or Trump's] memory problems," he says. "This is really more of an issue of people understanding what happens with aging. And, one of the nice things about writing this editorial is I got a lot of feedback from people who felt personally relieved by this because they're worried about their own memories."
Interview highlights
On instituting a cognitive test for candidates running for president
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I think it would be a good idea to have a comprehensive physical and mental health evaluation that's fairly transparent. We certainly have transparency or seek transparency about other things like a candidate's finances, for instance. And obviously health is a very important factor. And I think at the end of the day, we'll still be in a position of saying, "OK, what's enough? What's the line between healthy and unhealthy?" But I think it's important to do because yes, as we get older we do have memory problems. ...
On why you can sometimes only remember the first letter of something, like a name
You get what's called partial retrieval, where you get a piece of the information but not the whole thing. ... Memories compete with each other. And this is true for a name. This could be true for memory, for an event. And so if you have learned multiple names that start with the letter K, now what happens is you have this competition where essentially they're fighting with each other.
They call it the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon ... where you know the information is there, you're aware of something, but it just doesn't. You don't have proof of its existence. You're just working on this complete faith that it exists. There's many reasons why this happened. One of the big ones is you pull out the wrong information. When you pull out the wrong information, what happens is it makes it much harder to find the right information. So in other words, if you're looking for someone named "Fred" and you accidentally pull out "Frank" and you know that's not the name. Now, Frank is very big in your consciousness, and it's fighting against the other memory that you have. And so as a result, you're going to have some trouble. Now, later on, what happens is your mindset changes and you're no longer stuck in that previous mistake. And that's why it can pop up. So what can sometimes happen is that we're looking for something, but then we get the wrong thing. And that leads us so far in the wrong direction that the competition in memory works against us.
On how interruption hurts our ability to remember
This is the reality of modern life, is that we're constantly being interrupted. Now, sometimes those interruptions are in our world and not of our own making. So any person with a newborn child, for instance, can relate to this idea of you're trying to do something and all of a sudden your child starts crying and your brain is telling you, "Forget everything else. Let's focus on this." Then there's things that we do to ourselves, like, we just have other thoughts that come into our head or we start daydreaming about things. But then I think the most insidious of all are the alerts and the distractions that we put upon ourselves with smartphones and smartwatches where there's things constantly buzzing and grabbing our attention, and then people start to get bad habits like checking texts and emails. For instance, I'll sit in academic talks and I see people checking email during a talk, and I can guarantee you they're not remembering either the email or the talk after they've left the place.
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On how stress interferes with memory
Stress has a bunch of complex effects on memory. So if you have a severely stressful experience, sometimes you can remember that experience better than if it was not stressful. And so this happens a lot in cases of traumatic memories. But the other part of it is that stress makes it harder to pull out the information you need when you need it. ... It shuts down the prefrontal cortex. And under those states of stress, you're prioritizing things that are more immediate, your knee-jerk responses to things. And so that makes it harder to remember stuff that happened before you were under stress.
Then there's the issue of chronic stress, where we know that chronic stress can be actually neurotoxic for areas of the brain that are important for memory, like the prefrontal cortex and another area called the hippocampus. And that is really, I think, part of the problem that you see in people with PTSD, for instance. If you're under chronic stress for a long period of time, there's a whole series of stress-related hormones that are bathing your brain in these stress-related hormones. And what can happen is, this can be causing damage to areas like the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex so that they're no longer functioning as efficiently as you would hope they would. And you can see this in many different animal models of stress.
On why sleep is so important to memory
One of the fascinating things about sleep is we tend to think, oh, nothing's happening. I'm not getting anything done. But your brain is hugely at work. There are all these different stages of sleep where you can see these symphony of waves, where different parts of the brain are talking to each other, essentially. And so, we know for a fact that some of these stages of sleep, what happens is the brain will flush out toxins, like the amyloid protein that can build up over the course of a day. So just by virtue of that function, sleep is very important. But then on top of it, what we can see is that the neurons that were active during a particular experience, have come back alive during sleep. And so there seems to be some processing of memories that happen during sleep, and that the processing of memories can sometimes lead to some parts of the memory being strengthened, or sometimes you're better able to integrate what happened recently with things that happened in the past. And so, sleep scientist Matt Walker likes to say that sleep converts memory into wisdom, for instance.
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[Sleep is] an investment. Because you're depriving your brain of all this, information processing that can happen in your sleep. And I do believe it's controversial, but I do believe in the idea that sometimes you can wake up and through that memory processing, actually have the ability to solve a problem that you couldn't do when you were, before you went to sleep. I mean, the other part of sleep, I think that's very important is when we're sleep deprived it's just terrible for memory. All the circuitry that's important for memory does not function as well, and memory performance really declines.
Sam Briger and Thea Chaloner produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Carmel Wroth adapted it for the web.
Do you agree that Biden should submit to a cognitive and neurological assessment evaluation, to help our citizens learn of his abilities toward running the country?
So far, he has refused to allow his current, medical assessments to be reviewed by the public, unlike Trump and other former presidents, which, of course, makes it appear that he and his physicians are dodging the truth of the situation.
I, and many others, observe Biden's frailties every day, noting how much we can detect just by his walking about, his facial expressions, and his sometimes incoherent comments.
By the way, would you name 3 or 4 accomplishments from Biden that are you feel are glorious deeds done for this country's wellbeing? And don't you think it would be advantageous for Biden to participate in at least one debate with Trump, if the two become the two leading candidates for president? Not allowing a debate to happen, is very telling, don't you think?
The eagles are just migrating through Lake Michigan right now, I guess ... and I am here in MI, in this balmy, peachy weather. But I am not the only one that goes nuts here seeing the eagles...thank goodness.
There is just alot of bird diversity I am not used to seeing . Pretty soon , there will be even more migratory birds coming thru soon this spring...
Speaking of getting ripped apart.............. you can tell how I spend my time.( throught a window and screen) This hawk of some kind is eating a starling.
Janalu: I think both Biden and Trump should submit to testing. Trump's acuity and mental health/fitness are of more concern to me than what I believe is Biden's low to moderate memory loss. Notice what the neurologist indicates about compassion and an enriched understanding of the world, historical contexts that aging may afford. That describes Biden, not Trump.
Sure, an attempt at a debate with Trump is good idea. Probably a wasted effort since Trump doesn't follow the guidelines, nor he care if what he tauts is truth or factual. Should debates occur, the voters may have a clearer sense of Biden's state. I suspect that this idea of him suffering dementia that should disqualify him for office is exaggerated.
We'll know more in the coming months. And for me from sources I trust that you probably will not.
You didn't name the accomplishments you thought Biden has presented to serve the US in significant ways, that will be remembered for a long while.
What about Trump's medical evaluations, which we have all been privy to from his physicians, has you greatly concerned?
His narcissism? Yes, Trump is narcissistic and he is also boorish, not to mention that his oratory skills are gratingly annoying and, for the most part, beyond his grasp.
I just looked up an artical published by a political science prof., John Harken, at Ripon College, who ranks LBJ, Theo. Roosevelt, and Nixon higher than Trump, in narcissism, followed by McKinley, Taft, Coolidge, FDR, JFK and Obama. Evidently, a narcissistic person can be a fairly decent president. And.....since we have in this world many difficult and probably narcissistic leaders on the other side of the world to deal with, most notably Putin and Xi, having firsthand knowledge of the affliction might come in handy, don't you think?
I also looked up egotism and Joe Biden. Rich Lowry of National Review has recently published an article, titled: BIDEN'S PROBLEM IS HIS EGO. IT takes just a few minutes to peruse it, and I found it enlightening. Why don't you give it a glance. It may interest you.
Also, just to note, I'm not a fan of Trump for the most part, but I think he would be better able to handle what our nation is facing very soon, as compared to Biden. Most folks are convinced at this very moment that Biden is not the one in the White House making the decisions now, nor has he been in the driver's seat for his whole term. (That means that our country is being run by appointed people, not an elected person. So how does that square with those Democrats who are screaming about DEMOCRACY BEING IN PERIL!!?) Even Obama expressed doubt as to Biden's capability and methods for handling dangerous issues. Obama seems to think Biden 'effs' things up pretty regularly.
Sorry if I seem exasperated tonight. I just can't understand how Biden can be running again. I think his wife should tell him he needs to retire. But evidently, she believes the chant that Biden IS THE ONLY ONE WHO CAN SAVE OUR COUNTRY FROM DOOM.
Trump has not been convicted or even tried for treason.
All there has ever been are accusations and a lot of blurring of facts that are unproven bits and pieces of info., or assumptions and innuendos, plus an enormous amount of gaslighting of the public.
Lowell, I know that you are a diehard Democrat, so I understand what you are saying, and why.....
I know that I can look up Biden's accomplishments, but I was asking what YOU FOLKS who support him no matter what, actually think his achievements truly are in the BIG PICTURE of what is going on in truth. In other words, just saying that Biden has begun the big push toward GREENING THE EARTH and SAVING IT---is that really a fact that you all believe? That the Earth is being destroyed by man, unless we stop eating meat and get rid of fossil fuel, and the kind of vehicles we use today? And ending air travel? And living in 'fifteen minute towns', where everyone either walks to a destination or uses a bicycle? Or his great accomplishments with ending Covid? (Seems to me that Covid was already on its decline when he entered office, and he did nothing to stop the Covid pandemic, except to model his expertise at wearing a mask whenever he was in public, or in view of a cameraman...AND...his unwavering support of the teachers' unions who kept children at home, fearing THEY would get COVID from the kids and die. But, of course, Joe supported them in order to keep the gigantic total of funds coming to the Democrat Party from their coffers--There was no way Biden was going to get cross-ways with those teachers' unions!) What did he do with the Afghanistan problem except to turn tail and run away from it, leaving millions of dollars of equipment for our enemies to use against us, and giving up a very valuable and strategic air field we were planning to use, for our observance of China's continuing buildup against us?
The Bible tells us that the Earth is going to be around for a long time yet. Of course I know that there are many people who have never even seen or opened a Bible, so that could be an answer to me now, couldn't it?
Here are three Biden accomplishments that come to mind without me having to google:
1. His rapid response to Covid, setting in motion vaccine program, taking the CDC and medical community seriously. Action that was a cleanup of Trump's stumbling inaction.
2. His readiness in working across the aisle, assuring a signing of the immigration bill that legislators afraid of Trump blocked. A bill that Democrats and Republicans worked on together, you know, the kind of governing of times past.
3. His understanding of the need to support Ukraine against Russian invaion so that that old time notion of the domino theory doesn't become a reality in eastern Europe and elsewhere.
I wish another, younger Democrat would have stepped forward and that Biden had allowed and encouraged another candidate, but he hasn't, didn't. He is the only choice I and others have.
I could ask more questions and continue, but I'm tired.
Thanks Hollis and Lowell for discussing and debating with me. I enjoy the challenge and the back-and-forth.
Hollis,
I, too, wish that we had two different candidates. I wish the two stubborn guys felt the same way, but they both are unable to do what is right for the American people, in my opinion.
Well I hope y’all had a restful sleep…and now with open minds…ready to resume a fun exchange of perplexing and challenging assumptions and ideas.
BELIEFS & INFORMATION SOURCES
Before diving in for the umpteenth time on these Forums concerning politics and religion, i would like to ask us to support the Administrator’s plea for decorum vs. my/your temptation to rant or play games of self-righteous indignation.
What often becomes distorted is my/your inflexibility and failure to continually assessing BOTH long-standing beliefs and daily media information….and the distortions within each that have shaped our lives…with bias and prejudice…whether realized or not…affecting good and bad outcomes.
As an observer of human nature, I’m certain Tommy would agree from his career study of Opposite Strengths…people often overlook their weaknesses, while compensating by fixating on those of others.
Sandra dislikes when I refer to this unhealthy style as ‘toxic’ within the comments from frequent posters here!
So for starters, I’d like to reference a few comments and assumptions made here:
Hollis - you mentioned your “sources”. Would you be willing to research and share those in support of your above posts? In doing so, perhaps underscore how the content "maps" to your opinions or/and long-held beliefs.
Janalu - you mentioned concerning your long-held beliefs, “I know that there are many people who have never even seen or opened a Bible, so that could be an answer to me now, couldn't it?” Would you be willing to research and share those in support of your above posts, how you apply the Bible to your post…and what seemed ot be your closing self-conviction?
Jim - you mentioned “Yes, you should continue with these people. I too give up, and not just tonight.”. From a perspective of openness, would you be willing to humbly describe your feelings and bias about who/how “these people” bring you frustration in your posts and personna?
NOTE: it is also an inconvenient reality that I/we resist the discomfort of truth...since it may require change.
We live in very difficult times regarding openness to trust ourselves, others, and the information saturation we’re immersed in 24/7.
Following your thoughtful replies, I’d like to share several personal experiences concerning these challenges in my life that confront my attitude as well as my beliefs.
Of course, there are many "sources"...secular and religious... that shape my daily opinions and deeper beliefs.
As an example, concerning the Bible as a source of Truth and prophecy during these Times, here’s a chart worth pondering. It is uncanny how well the predictions 2700 years ago now map to the issues and problems of our world today.
Also, note that "deception" in the world tops the list below:
What a marvelous way to create distrust and disagreement among all peoples!
I haven't watched TV news since Terry died. She was a news junkie, avidly following whatever was going on. She even made sure she followed the demo shills on MSNBC and company. I just don't find it compelling or even very interesting or worth my attention.
I do read some news aggregating sites like Free Republic and Lucianne most days and sometimes listen to Michael Berry on the radio when I'm commuting so I have an idea what's going on in the world.
This morning, Michael said perfectly what I think. He said politics is like professional wrestling: a bunch of scripted fake controversies by a troupe of people working together to put on a show to suck in the rubes. My response is to shake my head and think, "Of course."
I don't mean I don't have strong beliefs and I know right from wrong. However, most of what people are worked up about is pure nonsense.
Thanks Bob, your above post clearly bears repeating!
Over the decades on these Forums, we’ve enjoyed many folks whose rhetoric is both inspiring and offputting. Some were stinkers…some were thinkers!
Sadly and happily, for several reasons...most have disappeared.
However, I confess that much of mine may have included more of the latter, while some of both.
Now 55 years since our RHS graduation together, it’s amazing that many of us can’t “get enough of each other” here…I’m still bemused!
As our legacy for posterity, I’d like to ask the Administrators of both Forums to submit our posts…in their entirety…to chatGPT for its independent appraisal of
While a lover of all emerging technologies…especially AI and chatGPT, I thought we’d have some fun with an independent assessment of some of our posts.
Bob Davidson…I chose you as a guinea pig…I hope you won’t mind going first below:
Dear chatGPT 3.5,
write a 2-page review comparing and contrasting the political views of Free Republic and Lucianne; and Michael Berry on the radio as a commentator.
Title: A Comparative Review of Political Views: Free Republic, Lucianne, and Michael Berry
Introduction:
In the realm of political discourse, various platforms and commentators offer diverse perspectives that shape public opinion. Free Republic and Lucianne.com represent prominent online forums where conservative voices converge, while Michael Berry, a radio commentator, presents his views through a different medium. This review delves into the political ideologies and approaches of these entities, highlighting their similarities, differences, and impact on the conservative landscape.
Free Republic and Lucianne.com:
Free Republic and Lucianne.com serve as online hubs for conservative discussions, albeit with distinct tones and emphases. Free Republic, founded by Jim Robinson in 1996, fosters a community-driven platform where users can share news articles, engage in forums, and articulate their views. It espouses a fervently right-wing stance, often characterized by staunch support for traditional values, limited government intervention, and unwavering loyalty to conservative figures.
On the other hand, Lucianne.com, established by Lucianne Goldberg, embodies a more nuanced approach to conservatism. While it upholds core conservative principles, including fiscal responsibility and national security, it also incorporates elements of pragmatism and skepticism. Lucianne.com fosters an environment where critical thinking is encouraged, and divergent viewpoints are tolerated, albeit within the bounds of conservative ideology.
Both platforms demonstrate a commitment to conservative causes, but their differences lie in their approach to discourse and the level of ideological rigidity. Free Republic exudes an unyielding allegiance to conservative orthodoxy, while Lucianne.com embraces a broader spectrum of conservative thought, allowing for a more eclectic exchange of ideas.
Michael Berry:
Michael Berry, a prominent radio commentator based in Houston, Texas, occupies a distinct space within the conservative media landscape. Known for his unabashed conservatism and provocative rhetoric, Berry commands a sizable audience drawn to his candid commentary and unapologetic advocacy for conservative values.
Unlike Free Republic and Lucianne.com, which serve as platforms for community engagement, Berry's radio show offers a more personalized and dynamic form of conservative discourse. Through his program, Berry delivers incisive analysis, interviews with influential figures, and impassioned monologues that resonate with his audience.
Berry's political views align closely with those espoused by Free Republic, emphasizing principles such as limited government, individual liberty, and cultural conservatism. However, his delivery style and engagement with current events lend a distinctiveness to his commentary, often characterized by a blend of humor, outrage, and conviction.
Comparison and Contrast:
When juxtaposing Free Republic, Lucianne.com, and Michael Berry, several parallels and disparities emerge. All three entities champion conservative ideals, yet they diverge in their approach to discourse and audience engagement. Free Republic and Berry exhibit a more steadfast adherence to conservative orthodoxy, whereas Lucianne.com adopts a more eclectic and inclusive approach.
Furthermore, while Free Republic and Lucianne.com primarily operate within the digital sphere, Berry's radio platform offers a more immediate and visceral form of communication. Berry's ability to connect with his audience through spoken word amplifies his influence and underscores the dynamism of conservative media in the modern era.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Free Republic, Lucianne.com, and Michael Berry represent formidable voices within the conservative landscape, each contributing to the richness and diversity of conservative thought. While they share common ground in their advocacy for conservative principles, they diverge in their approach to discourse, audience engagement, and medium of communication. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping the multifaceted nature of contemporary conservatism and its myriad expressions in media and public discourse.
Now that’s an independent model for posting that all of us can appreciate!
Lance -- interesting comparison. I don't usually read the commentary, just the news stories on the fora. I already know what the conservatives and the trolls are going to say and it isn't interesting. Most political discussion is repeating cliched conclusions that people think makes them sound knowledgeable and/or smart and/or hip.
I think that conservatives are just about as vulnerable to the fake controversies their politicians stir up as liberals, with the main difference being that conservatives are exposed to the liberal-leftist-progressive viewpoint constantly and understand it, even when they don't agree, while liberals are clueless about what conservatives actually think. Both sides tend to hero-worship the scum of the earth con artists who are manipulating and betraying them.
1. His rapid response to Covid, setting in motion vaccine program, taking the CDC and medical community seriously. Action that was a cleanup of Trump's stumbling inaction.
I have mixed feelings about the COVID vaccine, but it was Trump who bullied the bureaucracy to approve the vaccine in record time. Biden was able to get the vaccine before he took office, less than a year from when the epidemic was identified.
2. His readiness in working across the aisle, assuring a signing of the immigration bill that legislators afraid of Trump blocked. A bill that Democrats and Republicans worked on together, you know, the kind of governing of times past.
The House passed HR2 last year (May?). That should have been addressed by the Schumer Senate. The Senate's bill allows 5000 illegals per day. That's a no-go. (Obama's border guy Jeh Johnson said 1,000 was a problem.) Biden is the reason for the problem. He chose to undo everything that Trump did to stem the tide of illegals. If Biden just reversed himself, the situation would improve immediately. By the way, this guy who "reaches across the aisle" revels in insulting those on the other side of the aisle.
3. His understanding of the need to support Ukraine against Russian invasion so that that old time notion of the domino theory doesn't become a reality in eastern Europe and elsewhere.
I am pro-help for Ukraine, but Biden waited too long and offered too little help at the beginning.
Along with the signs everywhere these days that warn us of cataclysmic times ahead for mankind, I noticed this sign below.
While attending a conference yesterday at the Fairmont Hotel in downtown Dallas and walking back to my car, I noticed this peculiar headline for the upcoming sermon by pastor Jeffress at First Baptist Church:
"How to act in Church?"
Since we attend this church once or twice quarterly along with attending Watermark regularly, this struck me as quite odd: especially given the conservative atmosphere.
As I continued walking, I wondered to myself...is this a sign?
No...I mean...is this a sign from God?
Or is it just a cute ad to hook "those people" like me into attending church this Sunday?
After rasseling with the notion, I concluded that maybe people these days act up and behave insensitively toward other Believers in church...just as non-believers do outside church!
Hummm...now there's a sermon worth preaching....why do Christian Believers act no differently than non-believers?
I can only guess that this doesn't bodewell.
Unity and Maturity in the Body of Christ
EPH4 - As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received.2 Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love.3 Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace.4 There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to one hope when you were called;5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism;6 one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.
Last Saturday Martha and I went to a concert at the Eisemann in Richardson starring Brian Stokes Mitchell. "Stokes" originated the role of Coalhouse Walker, Jr. in the musical Ragtime. Our son joined the cast after Stokes left it, but we did have a chance to see him in the role. We also saw him in the Broadway opening night performance of Kiss Me Kate. and in concert at the American Airlines Center with several other performers.
Two items below:
A feature on CBS News about Stokes's unusual performance during COVID.
A Kennedy Center performance of a duet from Ragtime with multiple Tony winner Audra McDonald, who played Sarah, opposite Stokes's Coalhouse. The action takes place in the early 1900s, and Sarah has very recently delivered a baby. It's a wonderful song.
I have not been able to use our computer until now.
You asked earlier if I would give some advice, of sorts, to our classmates who might write in to our forum to ask about religious questions, or who might not understand my statements about my interpretation of Christianity, as the Bible has taught me, insofar as I have been able to glean over many years of study. I will be glad to answer questions addressed to me about such, but I don't want to try to proselytize to others. I have found that most of our classmates are uncomfortabe talking about a matter they think is personal and private. They don't need me as an intermediary. They can find the truths of The Bible on their own, either by buying necessary books and aids/guides at a bookstore, or by visiting a library, or by attending a church of their choice.
Janalu,
